| 講演者 | Dr. Luc Soete, Professorial Fellow of UNU-MERIT and Dr. Bart Verspagen, Director of UNU-MERIT |
|---|---|
| 日時 | 13:00-14:30, December 11, 2019 (Doors open at 12:30) |
| 場所 | Room 3A, GRIPS 7-22-1 Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo Access |
| 主催 | GRIPS Innovation, Science and Technology Policy Program (GIST） |
| 言語 | English |
| 参加費 | Free (Pre-registration required) |
Outline
It is widely recognized that "national innovation systems" (Soete et al., 2010) are different from each other, even in a set of highly developed countries such as the OECD which are the subject of an empirical analysis presented in the first part of this joint presentation. It is not just the size of R&D investments that differs, but also the nature of these expenditures (e.g. mission-oriented vs more fundamental, basic research in universities). There are also important institutional differences, e.g., whether universities are fully autonomous, or more government controlled (see Aghion et al., 2010). The presence and funding structure of Research and Technology Organisations (RTO's) will also differ between countries, whereas the private corporate sector is likely to differ strongly in structure e.g., the presence of large multinational corporations vs. small firms, the importance of new entrepreneurial firms vs. incumbent firms with vested interests, etc. From an economic point of view, differences will exist in the international openness of the country, and the type of role that the government plays (laissez faire vs. more directive). Although we are not able to estimate the effect of these differences individually, the essence of the econometric approach presented first is to allow all these factors to have an impact on how investment in R&D affects productivity and economic growth in some 16 OECD countries.
Recognizing such country variety will be essential in developing the appropriate national mission-oriented research and innovation (R&I) policies as argued in the second part of the presentation. Such mission-oriented R&I policy represents a major shift in research and innovation policy design. Increasing competitiveness, promoting economic growth or job creation were typically the criteria against which traditional R&I policy was measured and held accountable for. In the case of a mission-oriented R&I policy, such accountability will now have to refer to the achievement of targets and milestones as defined for the specific mission. Such accountability will also require constant feedback and evaluation, i.e. some form of performance measurement based on credible indicators. A system that allows for successful mission-oriented R&I policy will have in other words to be "intelligent", in the sense that it should be able to learn and adapt over time, reflecting feedback on the changing conditions in the external context, as well as data on whether existing actions are producing the desired effect. In addition, an effective, adaptive and flexible system should also be given enough freedom to experiment with different solutions, including both "safe bets" and more "high-risk-high reward" paths.
